Class XII (Bio-technology)

Class XII
Subject Biotechnology
Holidays Home Work

Recombinant DNA Technology

1. Why are Blotting techniques called by that name?

2. Make Diagrams for the following
a) Preparation of a Genomic Library
b) DNA cloning using phage
c) Making recombinant DNA

3. Explain 5 application of PCR

4. What are the goals of Human Genome project

5. What is the difference in the function of Endonucleases and Ligases.

6. Explain the functioning of Restriction Enzyme Eco RI, SmaI, Hind III.

7. What are expected problems that can be encountered if E.coli is used for the expression of Eukaryotic proteins?

8. Explain RFLP with the important application in various fields.

9. What are the advantages of florescent labeling in DNA ---- sequencing. Explain?

10. What is site-directed mutagenesis? Explain its various applications in General & Biochemical studies.

11. What is the difference between a probe & a primer.

12. Draw structure of dd NTP & dd ATP & dATP

13. Why are mRNAs not directly cloned?

14. What are the Enzymes needed for r DNA technology? Explain the role of each Enzyme.

15. What would happen if you add only one primer to the PCR reaction?

16. Explain why the Sanger’s method requires a single-stranded DNA & how this is produced. Also discuss why this method is knows as chain termination nation method .

17. Give the sequence of 2 primers (5 ntds long) required to amplify the following DNA sequence by PCR. 5’-A T G C C T A G G A T C A T G C -3’

18. Write a short note on Genetic Engineering.

19. Explain the significance of Gene cloning with respect to human welfare.

20. Make four significant differences between PCR amplification of DNA & cloning of DNA using vectors.

LONG ANSWER TYPE:
1. Describe the Mechanism of PCR.
2. Give a brief account of the tools used of recombinant DNA technology.
3. Describe the Mechanism of Site- directed Mutagenesis.
4. Explain Southern Blotting technology.
5. Describe two methods by which screening of transformed E.coli can be carried out?

CHAPTER – III
GENOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS

1. What is a cotig?
BLAST, EST, NCBI, FISH, EMBL, PDB, PIR

2. Write the full form of the following

3. What is a database?

4. When was the Human Genome finally deciphered?

5. Define Genomics

6. List four reasons for screening a genome.

7. Explain the necessity of creating Bio information database.

8. What is the needed of IUPAC system in Bioinformatics.

9. Describe the contribution made by ‘Margaret Dayhoff; towards the development of Bioinformatics.

10. What is BLAST? How is it used in Bioinfo analysis.

11. Name the database having mRNA and proteins of Human, Mouse & Rat.

12.Who is an annotator?

13. What is the importance of Bioinformatics?

14. What is the significance of Random Shotgun sequencing.

15. You are given a DNA sequence. Describe how will you use the Bioinformatics tools to analyse the sequence to find out a gene & its possible protein.

16. List the important database used in routine bioinformatics.

17.How can you search for genes using computers?

18. What do you understand by the term ‘Gemomics’?

19. What are SNPs and what are their applications?

20. What are the different types of molecules on which sequence data is obtained are deposited in database?

21. Explain different types of sequencing methods using in Genome sequencing projects.

22.Differentiate between structural and functional Genomics.

23. What does ‘Entrez’ information include?

24. Which database contains the information about “annotated protein sequence”?

25. List any six resources available form NCBI and their uses.

26. Genome size of Humans ______________________& Drosphila melanogaster _______________________.

27. Term ‘Genome’ was coined by___________________ and “Genomics” by_________________.

28. What is number of predicted genes in E-coli & Humans & worm (coenorhabdits elegans).

29. What is the “physical Map” of an organism mean?

30. Define genome annotation.

31. How can DNA micro array technique be used to study cellular response to the environment?

32. Describe the ‘FISH’ technique & briefly explain any one of its applications.

33. What are database retrieval tools? Name & explain the use of a tool to classify a newly discovered species.

34. You have the gene sequence of a protein which has protein which has proteolytic activity. How will you establish the tools of Bioinformatics that this protein.
i. homologus in other organisms.
ii. Belongs to the chymotrypsin family.

35. Explain BLAST. How can this bioinfo search tool be employed for finding homology between genes? Does similarity between two sequences always indicate their homology?

36. What is the IUPAC code for G and A? write the complementary sequence of the following sequence.
5’ – ATGAYCGBT _________ 3’

37. Bioinfo database provide many different types of sequences, such as c D N A, Genome, EST & peptide etc. which of these would you use as the most suitable point for identifying.
a. Promoter
b. ORF (open reading frame)
c. Intron.

CHAPTER I:
“Protein and Structure Engineering”

1. Name human diseases caused by the absence of a protein.
2. What is the consequence if a protein is incorrectly folded? Give an example to illustrate the answer.
3. Distinguish between chymotrypsinogen & chymotrypsin.
4. Why is sickle cell anemia called “Molecular disease”? How can sickle cell hemoglobin be identified.
5. What are the principles behind Isoelectric focusing and SDS/PAGE technique? Why is 2-D Electrophoriesis better than single dimension electrophoresis?
6. Define submit Domain and Quaternary structure in proteins.
7. Explain “Change relay system” Briefly explain how the serine residue in some enzymes can become acidic (reactive). Also suggest how you can confirm that a serine residue is involved in the catalysis.
8. What are non-catalytic functional proteins, therapeutic proteins & nutraceutical proteins? Give two examples each.
9. Discuss the use of Designing a protein for any product.
10. Write a few sentences on what you understand by “Proteomics”. Why do you think that study of this area would be rewarding in future.
11. Explain “Mass spectrometry” in detail. What is its main use in protein studies?
12. Relationship between no. of genes and no. of proteins is non-linear. Discuss.
13. Explain different types of proteomics with diagram.
14. How would you measure the general effectiveness of a dietary protein source? Suggest 3 methods.
15. What are the different components of a “whey protein”? How does ‘whey protein’ reduces viral load inpatients?
16. Enlist the various protein based products.
17. How will you characterize the proteins, explain the techniques.
18. How does proteins can be recovered from the cell?